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info session: solidarity delegation to Nicaragua

I have received funding from CPGC to lead an educational delegation of six Bi-Co student to Nicaragua from May 30-Jun 8. This 10-day study tour, which will introduce students to the political, economic and cultural histories of Nicaragua, is coordinated by ProNica, a Quaker organization founded in 1987 to build “sustainable cross-cultural relationships between the people of North America and Nicaragua” and will be guided by Carmen Gonzalez, who has lived in Nicaragua for over 20 years.

Our delegation begins in Managua, where we stay at Quaker House, learn more about Nicaraguan culture, speak with community leaders, and visit sites important in the Sandinista revolution. From there, we travel to smaller cities and villages in the central highlands, such as San Marcos, Matagalpa, San Ramon, Esteli, Largatillo, and
Achuapa to meet with grassroots organizations that provide integrated health care, opportunities for childhood and adult education, and link producers to fair trade markets. We will speak with women whose husbands and children were killed during the Sandinista Revolution and the Contra War, with adults who provide a safe space for children living in La Chureca, the largest open land-fill in Central America, with women’s healthcare providers, with farmers, librarians, artists and shopkeepers. These interactions will help us understand on a deeper level how international policies and interventions affect the lives of our Nicaraguan neighbors and how we can be in solidarity with them as they build healthier and more sustainable communities.

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Apples To Apples: The Gender and Sexuality Studies Way!

For our final performance, aybala50, lgleysteen, S.Yeager and I created our own version of the (as I've come to find at college) popular game Apples to Apples. Using words that were particularly important in our discussions throughout the semester, we created adjective and noun cards and asked for volunteers in the class to play.

And we we didn't just make this game to make people have fun! (Though this was part of our intention.) We thought that just that simple game revealed many of things that we have been discussing this semester. First of all, we thought of the ways in which each player diffracted the adjective through their own personal lens. But this was not the only thing at play. Though the player was thinking of how they could use their words to 'match' with the adjective, they were also considering which word would win them the round and be 'judged' as being the best card. This demonstrated the entanglement between the players and the judge.

Additionally, there was further entanglement when considering that we had them play in front of the whole class. This was another factor in the decision that the player made as they were also aware that they were appearing and thus, had to choose a word that the class would understand. There was also entanglement to us, as the creators of the game, as we gave them them a fairly limited choice of words.

Lastly, we wanted to demonstrate how each of the words did not lend themselves to a fixed definition. Thus, we managed to question our use of labels and the way in which we define certain terms.

Neurons and Intelligence, continued

What if we look at specific brain organization and structure? It is important to note that there are regions in mammals for which there is no corresponding area in non-mammals and vice versa. This may or may not have implications for intelligence. The signifiance of anatomical data depends on the relation of structure to function. Thus, we'll focus on mammalian species predominantly.

What if we made a comparison of the size of brains (brain weight) and brain parts, based on indexes that directly reflect size differences (ratios) in species of equal body weight? Well, since I myself could not do the study, we will look at someone who has.

Neurons and Intelligence

Le Penseur baboon mother and child

Neurons, the basic building block of the nervous system, are integral to the working of our human brains, as well as the brains of all other animals.

If that is the case, why do animals have such varying levels and types of behavior? Why do humans seem to have greater "intellectual" abilities than squirrels? Is it at all related to amounts of neurons in the nervous system?

There are two methods for thinking about neuron density within the brain. The first, most basic method is to take the ratio of volume of gray matter to volume of body of nerve cells. According to Kuhlenbeck, the average value of this ratio for the human cerebral cortex is 27, meaning that for each volume of nerve cells there are 27 volumes of other substance. The latter may include glial cells, intercellular space, vascular components, et cetera.

essietee's picture

Evolution Revolution: An "Androgynous" Teach-In

essietee: Here’s a little know fact about me: I’m secretly in love with fashion and beauty. I love that a person can put on one outfit one day to reflect their mood or a certain personal ideal, then completely change that image whenever they please. I struggled with this fluidity of fashion as a teen living in an environment where you had to declare yourself as one thing or another (ie: jock, cheerleader, theatre nerd, etc.). It’s been a long road, but I’m finally comfortable wearing a dress and heels to go out on a Friday night, then switching into cargo shorts and an old t-shirt for Saturday evening. This proved to be a point that I thought about while taking and posing for these pictures: we started out with photographs of our individual faces and body parts, then moved on to clothing and makeup. I felt like a paper doll, grabbing different options from my closet; some of my clothes were things that I haven’t worn since my first year of college, while others are staples that I usually wear at least once a week. Though changing multiple times in a common space where anyone could view me (sorry, housekeeping!), I was very comfortable in my presence with my group-mates and with the clothing choices I made. They reflect who I am: a multifaceted incidivual who believes in expression of self and personal creativity. It’s like the lyrics for the song featured in our video, “Androgynous” by Joan Jett and the Blackhearts – “She's happy with the way she looks / She's happy with her gender.”

See video
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A Response To President Creighton's Email "Sexual Misconduct Awareness"

My web event is a response to Joanne V. Creighton's (Haverford's Interm President) email earlier this evening. Please see her email below, followed by my response.

Dear members of the community,

It has come to my attention that several messages posted as part of a sexual misconduct awareness campaign were vandalized in a way that at the least trivializes sexual assault and at worst seems to promote it.

It is difficult to understand these actions in light of the values articulated in the preamble to our Honor Code: 

“As Haverford students, we seek an environment in which members of a diverse student body can live together, interact, and learn from one another in ways that protect both personal freedom and community standards. If a diverse community is to prosper, its members must attempt to come to terms with their differences; this goal is only possible if students seek mutual understanding by means of respectful communication. By holding us accountable for our words and actions, the Honor Code acts as an educational tool, instructing us to resolve conflicts by engaging others in dialogues that yield greater awareness for all parties involved. By encouraging respectful conduct, we hope to create an atmosphere conducive to learning and growing.”

Neocortex, continued

Let's look at some research about the neocortex...

Scientists Heinz, Beron, and Frahm decided to compare brain size with sizes of particular brain structures, such as the medulla, cerebellum, hippocampus, and neocortex (among others). They compared structures in the brains of the orders Insectivora and Scadentia and primate suborders such as prosimians, simians, and man. They found that the neocortex was the "most progressive structure". This means that when comparing across the different orders and suborders, the neocortex of Insectivora is 2.7 larger than Tenrecinae; in prosimians, 21 times larger; in nonhuman simians, 51 times larger; and in man, 200 times larger.

Neocortex

Measuring Neocortex

What's all this fuss about the neocortex?

This idea of cortical folding leads us to consider the significance of the neocortex in general. First of all, what is the neocortex? Neocortex is the structure in the brain that differentiates mammals from other vertebrates, and it is assumed that the neocortex is responsible for the evolution of intelligence.

Is there a relationship between the amount of neocortex and brain size? More importantly, is there an increase in relative neocortical volume in some mammals? Relevant data have been provided by a number of authors (Macphail, Stephen, Harman) that there is within different mammalian orders a good correlation between brain size and both neocortical volume and neocortical surface. For example, there is a direct linear relationship between neocortical volume and brain volume in primates (see Figures 7.3 and 7.4, Macphail, 248). There are some slight differences between orders in that rodents have less relative neocortex than primates, carnivores, and ungulates, and that some types of opossums have even less than rodents.

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Material For Tonight

diffraction
intra-action
super crip
entanglements
cripping
evolution
intersex
sexual diversity
continuum
abnormal vs. normal
natural
2 to 1 pregnancy
sex selection
sex ratios
right relationships
ethics of care
allies
cultural relativism
precarity
the people’s microphone
trigger warning
a grievable life
Wilchins
Clare
Barad
Roughgarden
McDermott
Humbach
Butler
Farmer
Cleave

Cortical Folding and Intelligence

Measuring Cortical Folding

What were some of the characteristics of the brains that we saw?

One thing we noticed is that each of the brains have slightly different degrees of folding in the cerebral cortex. Is that significant? Yes!

If we look at evolutionary patterns, we will see that the brain areas that show the most changes are the cerebral hemispheres and cortex (the outer-most layer of the cerebral hemispheres). The more recently evolved animals tend to have more cerebral cortex than less "evolved" animals. In some animals, especially "higher" mammals, the surface of the cerebral cortex is folded, creating grooves ("sulci") and bumps ("gyri") on the surface of the brain (which is what we observed earlier). This folding increases the surface area of the cortex.

Any guesses as to why this is important? Well, the first step is to guess what the cerebral cortex does. Think about it...

As animals evolved from a simpler organisms to complex beings such as dolphins, monkeys, and humans, the cerebral cortex changed and evolved as well. What kinds of behavioral characteristics distinguish humans from, say, a mouse? (no, we're not talking about comparative cheese-cravings!)

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