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The panels, removed under Ronald Reagan, found new homes from Maine to China. And their legacy still reverberates.

Forty-four years ago, Ronald Reagan took aim at Jimmy Carter’s environmental legacy. President Biden’s climate initiatives could face a similar fate.

Engineers assess damage as heavy rains cause first major breach of Bridgewater canal since 1970s

Engineers are assessing the scale of damage to a canal built more than 250 years ago after flood waters caused a dramatic collapse of part of its elevated embankment in Cheshire.

The Bridgewater canal, which was previously used to transport coal but is now a leisure waterway, caved in near Dunham Massey, in the first major breach of the waterway for 54 years.

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The list made its debut in 2005, when world travel was about half of today’s 1.3 billion arrivals and phones were for making calls. Here’s how The Times’s annual travel list — and travel itself — has changed in the last two decades.

UK has more than halved amount of electricity generated from fossil fuels but gas still had largest share at 28%

The UK’s electricity was the cleanest it has ever been in 2024, with wind and solar generation hitting all-time highs, according to a report.

The analysis by Carbon Brief found that in the past decade the UK had more than halved electricity generated from coal and gas and doubled its output from renewables.

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Senators have the herculean task of ensuring that our nation’s future is in the hands of appropriate leaders. Through the Senate confirmation process, they are responsible for vetting nominees for the most senior leadership positions in federal agencies.

There are more than 1,300 positions requiring Senate confirmation, many of whom will shape policies and programs that rely heavily on scientific expertise and knowledge. These are positions critical to protecting public health and the environment, keeping the nation’s food and drug supplies safe, and advancing US interests. Senators need to ensure that nominees are the right fit for the job and avoid costly mistakes that risk human lives and the health of our planet.

Some positions you may have heard of include the Under Secretary for Nuclear Security for the Department of Energy; the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering for the Department of Defense; Administrators for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Department of Transportation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); and Directors for the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation.

My colleagues have raised concerns already about President-elect Trump’s picks to lead the EPA, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the Department of Justice, and why the new NOAA administrator must understand and advocate for science.

Appointees’ Science Savvy Matters

Why should we care that presidential appointees know how to understand and apply science appropriately in their decision making? One key reason is that President-elect Trump’s scientific understanding does not inspire confidence, so senators should at least make sure the people running the executive branch have a firm grounding in science.

Perhaps you remember “Sharpiegate” in 2019, when then-President Trump doctored the forecast path of Hurricane Dorian with a black Sharpie maker. He altered the official weather forecast to suggest the hurricane might strike Alabama. Despite corrections from the National Weather Service, President Trump continued to insist he was correct, creating public confusion about who needed to evacuate and where emergency response resources would be needed. This put American lives and livelihoods at risk and wasted taxpayer dollars.

Senators evaluating nominees who will oversee policies and programs deeply rooted in science should vet them for the following:

1. Strong scientific background. Does the nominee know their quarks from their quasars or their atoms from their amino acids? Do they consult bona fide experts in the subject matter?  Do they check for people posing as experts who are really purveyors of disinformation or misinformation?  Do they check the potential conflicts of interests of the experts they consult? A strong grasp of technical material is essential for making rules that keep us safe, for instance from environmental contaminants such as the carcinogenic gas ethylene oxide.
2. Analytic skills. The nominee should be able to analyze complex data, interpret scientific research, and apply findings to policy or program development and implementation. Maximizing electric grid reliability, for instance, requires our leaders to integrate data about the costs and benefits of energy storage options considering multiple factors such as local growth projections, increased electricity demand, solar and wind profiles over time, energy generation by fossil gas technologies, and policy incentive impacts.
3. Critical thinking. Look for someone who questions assumptions, even questions their questions about the assumptions! A nominee should be aware of the heuristics and biases that challenge all human cognition and set up strategies to address these limitations. For instance, biases that block funding for all federal research that uses fetal tissue put at risk advancements in vaccines, transplants, and treatment of degenerative diseases like Parkinson’s.
4. Communication skills. The nominee must be able to communicate complex scientific concepts so clearly that your grandma (and even the President) will understand. For instance, explaining nuclear toxicology concepts is important for helping the public understand why and how to avoid radiation exposure.
5. Problem-solving abilities: They should be adept at identifying problems and developing innovative, science-based solutions. There will be no shortage of opportunities to test this skill, especially during periods such as “danger season,” the time of year when climate change impacts like hurricanes, extreme heat, and wildfires peak and collide with one another.
6. Ethical judgment: Senators must ensure the nominee has a strong sense of scientific integrity and intellectual honesty, as they will be making decisions that can significantly impact public health and safety. Why? Because lives and livelihoods are at risk. Lessons from prior administrations and examples of anti-science actions during the first Trump administration are well-documented by UCS.
7. Collaboration and teamwork: The nominee should play well with others, including scientists, policymakers, and members of the public who are directly or indirectly affected by their programs. The nominee has a particular responsibility to respect and defend the federal scientific workforce because these experts are essential for keeping people and our planet safe and healthy.
8. Adaptability: Having the ability to adapt to new scientific developments and changing policy landscapes is a must because science evolves, as does the social-ecological system scientists are working within. Nominees will need to integrate the latest science with other considerations as they decide on the optimal solutions to complex problems.
9. Leadership skills: This includes the ability to inspire and guide teams, and to make tough decisions when necessary. The captain of the ship needs to navigate through a sea of scientific jargon, uncertain evidence, and different assumptions and values. Dialogue on the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty is just one example issue where leadership plays a critical role in global stability, in this case in preventing a runaway arms race.
10. Passion for public service: A genuine commitment to using science to benefit society and improve public policies is a must. Taxpayer dollars will pay this nominee’s salary, so I want them acting in my best interest.

Some of these might seem like “no duh” suggestions. But we don’t have to look too far back to see when a lack of scientific expertise, a lack of respect for scientific methods, or a predilection for ignoring science resulted in preventable death and disease, or profound harm to our planet. For senators who find science daunting, this simple rubric can help to highlight who should be trusted to lead federal departments and agencies that rely on science to address the important concerns and needs of their constituents.

Bowhead whales may not be the only species that can live to 200 years old. Researchers have found that the industrial hunting of great whales has masked the ability of these underwater giants to also live to great ages

In Moby-Dick, Herman Melville’s epic novel of 1851, the author asks if whales would survive the remorseless human hunt. Yes, he says, as he foresees a future flooded world in which the whale would outlive us and “spout his frothed defiance to the skies”.

Moby Dick was a grizzled old sperm whale that had miraculously escaped the harpoons. But a new scientific paper is set to prove what oceanic peoples – such as the Inuit, Maōri and Haida – have long believed: that whales are capable of living for a very long time. Indeed, many more than we thought possible may have been born before Melville wrote his book.

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Society to retire plants no longer suited to UK’s changing climate after 14% fewer days of ground frost recorded

Fig and almond trees are thriving in Britain as a result of fewer frosts, the Royal Horticultural Society has said.

The lack of frost, one of the effects of climate breakdown, means plants used to warmer climes have been doing well in RHS gardens. Almond trees from the Mediterranean were planted at Wisley in Surrey several years ago, and without frost this year have fruited well for the first time.

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Despite Pacific Ocean moving into a La Niña phase, this year is forecast to be one of three warmest years on record

What kind of weather lies ahead in 2025? The Met Office’s global forecast suggests it will be one of the three warmest years on record, surpassed only by 2024 and 2023. This is despite the Pacific Ocean moving into a La Niña phase, which normally brings slightly cooler conditions.

It will be confirmed officially in the coming days, but 2024 is expected to be the warmest year on record and the first when the average global temperature exceeded 1.5C (2.7F) above preindustrial levels. This comes hot on the heels of the previous warmest year on record – 2023 – which recorded an average global temperature of 1.45C above preindustrial levels.

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Rise in greenhouse gases responsible for average temperatures rising to 1.46C above average, with one climate scientist saying this is ‘the norm now’

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Last year was Australia’s second-hottest on record going back to 1910 and the warmest for night-time temperatures, according to official Bureau of Meteorology data.

The average temperature across the country in 2024 was 1.46C above the long-term average, calculated from 1961 to 1990, and was second behind the 1.51C record set in 2019.

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Bigger Austudy and carer allowance payments, higher Medicare safety net thresholds and mandatory corporate reporting on climate also in 1 Jan changes

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With the new year come new policies, laws, taxes and reforms. Here’s everything to know about changes on 1 January, 2025 that could affect you.

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Emboldened red states could advocate for rightwing reforms from steep tax cuts to slashes to education

Republican state lawmakers and conservative leaders around the United States see Donald Trump’s re-election as a mandate that will help them enact rightwing policies in Republican-run states across the US.

The policies include steep tax cuts, environmental legislation, religion in schools and legislation concerning transgender medical care and education, among other hot-button social issues.

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With the climate crisis hitting Britain, we must build resilience at a local level by rewilding, saving water and fighting floods

Imagine, for a moment, if 2025 was the year that the UK achieved its legally binding targets of reducing dangerous carbon emissions to zero. Imagine if the Extinction Rebellions of 2019 had achieved their goal, and the government had bowed to the pressure of climate activism to meet this target. In this counterfactual reality, the world would be much saner than our own. But as the new year arrives, we’re forced to confront a stark reality. Britain is nowhere near achieving zero carbon in the next 12 months.

When Extinction Rebellion (XR) was founded in 2018, the 2025 target was conceived as a clarion call to action. It was based on the need to decarbonise quickly, to mitigate the worst impacts of climate decline, and to fulfil our historical responsibility as one of the world’s largest polluters. With the new year upon us, it’s clear that decarbonisation at the scale and speed we imagined isn’t a feasible goal within our existing political and economic frameworks. And this failure brings with it some uncomfortable truths that everyone concerned about the climate crisis must face head-on. And that means, in effect, everyone: for even if you don’t feel affected by this crisis, it still affects you.

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Climate change is causing drought conditions that are making it harder to operate the Panama Canal and more expensive to pass through.

Virginijus Sinkevičius, a former environment commissioner, criticises bloc’s decision to delay deforestation law

A former EU environment commissioner has warned against backsliding on the protection of nature and the battle against the climate crisis after the bloc decided to delay its landmark deforestation law.

Virginijus Sinkevičius, the Lithuanian MEP and a vice-president of the European parliament’s Green group, said he disagreed with the decision to amend the deforestation law in order to give companies a year of extra time to ensure their products are not implicated in the felling of trees.

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Bigger Austudy and carer allowance payments, higher Medicare safety net thresholds and mandatory corporate reporting on climate also in 1 Jan changes

• Get our breaking news email, free app or daily news podcast

With the new year comes new policies, laws, taxes and reforms. Here’s everything to know about changes on 1 January, 2025 that could affect you.

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Global warming is making both places more important to global shipping and trade.

Opponents say rule could hike premiums by 40% and does not require new policies to be written at fast enough pace

Insurance companies that stopped providing home coverage to hundreds of thousands of Californians in recent years as wildfires became more destructive will have to again provide policies in fire-prone areas if they want to keep doing business in the state.

The new state regulation, announced on Monday, will require home insurers to offer coverage in high-risk areas, something the state has never done, the office of the California insurance commissioner, Ricardo Lara, said in a statement.

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The president-elect said he will ‘stop the wave of frivolous litigation from environmental extremists’ but the ability to block suits will be limited, experts say

Donald Trump has promised to deregulate the energy sector, boost fossil fuels, dismantle environmental rules and otherwise attack climate progress. However, experts and advocates say that lawsuits that aim to hold the fossil fuel sector responsible for deceiving the public about the climate crisis still “have a clear path forward”.

“The overwhelming evidence of the industry’s lies and ongoing deception does not change with administrations,” said Richard Wiles, president of the non-profit Center for Climate Integrity, which tracks and supports the litigation. There are more than 30 accountability lawsuits active around the US brought by states and municipalities accusing fossil fuel interests of covering up the climate risks of their products or seeking damages for impacts. “Climate deception lawsuits against big oil have a clear path forward no matter who is in the White House.”

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The Guna people have fought for survival for hundreds of years. But modern threats are testing its cultural resilience

• Vanishing act: Panama’s Guna people forced to move as the sea swallows their island – in pictures

In a church built on stilts facing the sea, two 19-year-old American Mormon priests sit in front of the altar chatting to young Guna people. Elder Burr and Elder Aba, from the US states of Utah and Oregon respectively, reached the island of Kanir-Dup , in the Guna Yala (San Blas) archipelago in Panama, by pirogue more than four months ago, sent by their movement to teach the Indigenous community about the word of Jesus Christ.

Since their arrival, the missionaries’ daily routines have been on a continuous loop: prayers, sports, meals, Bible studies and mass. Yet Burr does not seem to mind the repetition; he has his mind on the greater aim of his proselytism mission. “We are here to convert these natives,” he says.

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